非洲菊不同生育期配方栽培基质中微生物的变化

Variation of Microbial Biomass in Different Culture Media of Gerbera jamesoni at Different Growth and Developmental Periods

在塑料大棚条件下,以腐熟的稻壳、玉米秸秆、玉米芯、泥炭、珍珠岩为材料,组成6种栽培基质,研究了非洲菊不同生育期不同配方基质中微生物种类及数量的变化。结果表明:不同配方基质中,非洲菊不同生育期微生物数量都以细菌最多,其次是放线菌,真菌最少。处理T1(基质质量比,稻壳∶泥炭∶粗砂=3∶1∶1)、T2(稻壳∶玉米秸秆∶泥炭∶粗砂=3∶2∶1∶1)和CK1(泥炭∶珍珠岩=2∶1)的细菌和放线菌数量在叶生长盛期达到峰值,以后下降,开花期有所回升,谢花期急剧下降。在叶生长盛期,T2、T1和CK1的细菌与放线菌数量分别为每g干样10.6×106和87.2×105个、9.53×106和35.4×105个、2.87×106和2.52×105个。T3(稻壳∶玉米芯∶泥炭∶粗砂=3∶2∶1∶1)、T4(稻壳∶玉米秸秆∶玉米芯∶泥炭∶粗砂=2∶1∶1∶1∶1)和CK2(土壤)的细菌和放线菌在叶生长盛期和现蕾期呈现不断增长的趋势,开花期达到峰值,谢花期迅速下降。在开花期,T4、T3和CK2细菌和放线菌分别为每g干样12.31×106和48.69×105个、10.74×106和38.64×105个、2.91×106和7.75×105个。叶生长盛期各配方的真菌数量都有较大幅度增长,以后下降,开花期回升,谢花期达到峰值。峰值时各处理的真菌数量以T2最多,每g干样为4.16×104个;其次是T3,为2.92×104个;CK2最少,仅为0.15×104个。基质配方中,稻壳比例相对大的,细菌数量一般较少;基质种类较多,稻壳比例较小的,细菌则较多;玉米秸秆比例大的,放线菌数量较多;玉米秸秆或玉米芯比例大的,真菌数量相对较多。

The variation of the kinds and the number of microbial biomass in 6 culture media with different proportion of fermented rice husk,corn straw,corn cob,peat and perlite grown with Gerbera jamesoni at different developmental periods was investigated under plastic tunnel conditions.The results showed that biomass of bacteria ranked the first in different medium formulas at different developmental periods of Gerbera jamesoni.The quantity of actinomycetes was the second,and fungus ranked the last.The quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes in the culture medium T1（the portion of rice husk,peat and sand was 3∶1∶1）,T2（the portion of rice husk,corn straw,peat and sand was 3∶2∶1∶1）and CK1（the portion of peat and perlite was 2∶1）reached a peak at leaf flourishing growing stage,and then decreased,rose again at flowering stage,and decreased again remarkably at flower withering stage.The quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes in the culture medium T2,T1 and CK1 were 10.6×10^6 and 87.2×10^5,9.53×10^6 and 35.4×10^5,2.87×10^6 and 2.52×10^5·g^-1 dry media（DM）,respectively at leaf flourishing growing stage.The quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes appeared the increasing trend in the culture medium T3（the portion of rice husk,corn cob,peat and sand was 3∶2∶1∶1）,T4（the portion of rice husk,corn straw,corn cob,peat and sand was 2∶1∶1∶1∶1）and CK2（soil）at leaf flourishing growing stage and flower budding stage,and reached a peak at flowering stage,but decreased rapidly at flower withering stage.The quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes in the culture medium T4,T3 and CK2 were 12.31×10^6 and 48.69×10^5,10.74×10^6 and 38.64×10^5,2.91×10^6 and 7.75×10^5·g^-1DM,respectively at flowering stage.The fungal quantity in different culture medium formulas increased sharply at leaf flourishing growing stage,then decreased,and rose again at flowering stage,and reached a peak at flower withering stage.The fungal quantity at the peak stage in formula T2 was 4.16×10^4·g^-1DM which ranked the first;the next was 2.92×10^4·g^-1DM in formula T3,and the least was 0.15×10^4·g^-1 DM in CK2.Among all the culture media,there appeared less bacteria generally in the culture media with relatively large proportion of rice husk,more bacteria in media with more components and small proportion of rice husk,more actinomycetes in media with large proportion of corn straw,and more fungi in media with large proportion of corn straw or corn cob.