梅花不同外植体离体培养及体细胞胚诱导植株再生

In Vitro Culture of Different Explants and Plant Regeneration via Embryogenesis from Immature Cotyledons of Prunus mume

以梅花品种‘雪梅’和‘绿萼’的叶片、叶柄、茎段及未成熟子叶为外植体进行离体培养,探讨了体胚发生途径与植株高效再生方法。结果表明,成熟组织再生能力低,不定芽再生困难。在添加1.0mg·mL-1BA,1.0mg·mL-1NAA,1.0mg·mL-1IBA的1/2MS培养基中,‘雪梅’和‘绿萼’未成熟子叶的体胚诱导率最高,分别为40.4%和25.3%;同时将初生胚转移至新鲜培养基上可产生大量次生胚。在添加0.5mg·mL-1BA,0.1mg·mL-1TDZ和1.0mg·mL-1IBA的1/2MS基本培养基中,体细胞胚发育成完整植株的频率较高,‘绿萼’达26.7%,‘雪梅’达23.8%。再生植株成功移栽至温室且生长良好。

A comprehensive in vitro culture of different explants of Prunus mume,including leaves,petioles,stems and immature cotyledons,was investigated and the regeneration protocol for P.mume was developed via somatic embryogenesis in the culture of immature cotyledons.Mature tissues displayed strong recalcitrance to plant regeneration.Whereas 40.4% and 25.3% of immature cotyledons developed into somatic embryo with intervening callus phase in the media containing 1.0 mg L^-1 BA,1.0 mg·L^-1NAA and 1.0 mg·L^-1IBA in cultivars of ‘Xuemei＇ and ‘Lü＇e＇ respectively,which were higher than other media in which somatic embryo could be induced.Simultaneously,there was also other undesired morphogenic reaction occurring in the various media used.The secondary somatic embryos were proliferated from the primary ones with high yield when they were transferred to fresh media.The somatic embryos（26.7% in ‘Lü＇e＇ and 23.8% in ‘Xuemei＇）could convert into plantlets at a higher frequency in our study when cultured on 1/2MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg·L^-1BA,0.1 mg·L^-1 TDZ and 1.0 mg·L^-1 IBA.Regenerated plantlets were successfully established in soil and grew well in the greenhouse.