广东省成人肢体残疾主要致残原因分析及对策探讨

Causes of physical disability among adults in Guangdong province and some countermeasures

目的根据第2次全国残疾人抽样调查广东省数据，分析广东省成人肢体残疾的主要致残原因，并针对性提出预防及治疗建议。方法于2006年第2次全国残疾人抽样调查工作中收集广东省成人肢体残疾数据，根据患者残疾程度、城乡分布及年龄区间进行分组统计，考查其主要致残原因，并给予相应预防及治疗建议。结果在广东省境内。不同致残原因所致成人肢体残疾患者在残疾程度、城乡分布及年龄方面的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。在所有致残原因中，以脑血管病所致肢体残疾患者数量最多（16．7％）；除脑外伤及中毒外，其它原因所致肢体残疾发病率均是农村远高于城市水平（城市、农村平均发病率分别为31．8％和68．2％）；中、青年肢体残疾人群的主要致残原因是脊髓灰质炎（14．8％，17．1％），老年肢体残疾人群的主要致残原因是骨关节疾病（35．7％）。结论为进一步减少我国肢体残疾患者数量及减轻残疾程度，各相关单位需要加强脑血管病、脊髓损伤、脑性瘫痪、脊髓灰质炎及骨关节疾病的预防和治疗；加大农村医疗建设投入，提高农村人口肢体残疾的诊断率及好转率。

Objective To analyze the main causes of physical disability in adults in Guangdong province in China, and to provide prevention and treatment strategies. Methods Data on Guangdong from China＇s Second National Sample Survey on disability in 2006 were carefully collected. Physical disability was categorized according to different causes. In each category or group, multiple factors including the severity, distribution in urban or rural areas, and the age of onset were analyzed with appropriate statistical methods. Prevention and treatment were then formulated based on the data. Results The severity of disability, distribution in rural and urban areas, and the age of onset were significantly different in different groups. The main cause was cerebral vascular diseases （ 16.7% ）. The incidence of physical disability was much higher in rural areas than that in urban areas （31.8% vs 68.2% ） except for brain trauma and toxication. The main cause for physical disability among young and middle-aged people was poly= myelitis （17.1% and 14.8% respectively） ; in old people it was osteoarthrosis （35.7%）. Conclusions In order to lower the incidence of physical disability and to alleviate its severity, more work should be done in the prevention and treatment of cerebral vascular disease, spinal injury, cerebral palsy, polymyelitis and osteoarthrosis. In addition more financial and technical support is needed in rural areas.