川渝地区百岁老人地理分布及其长寿区的形成原因

THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CENTENARIANS AND FORMATIVE CAUSES OF LONGEVITY AREAS IN SICHUAN AND CHONGQING DISTRICTS

百岁老人比率及其地理分布是判断长寿区的重要指标，长江上游川渝地区百岁老人呈空间集聚型分布，成都平原自古以来为长寿老人集中区；其百岁老人比率总体上由西向东递减而呈梯度型分布，其中川西北高原和成都平原百岁老人比率最高，为我国长寿区之一．川西北高原为“高原山地型长寿区”，其主要形成原因是高寒气候对山地居民生长期的延长、社会环境闭塞和食物结构简单对山地居民身心健康的影响、严酷条件下自然的优胜劣汰对人口结构的作用等；成都平原为“平原丘陵型长寿区”，其主要形成原因是经济相对发达、生活水平较高、崇尚儒学文化．

The ratio of centenarians to total population and the geographical distribution of centenarians are important indexes to judge a longevity area. The spatial distribution of centenarians in Sichuan and Chongqing districts is a gathering type distribution, the Chengdu Plain has been an intensive area of centenarians and longevous elders since ancient times. The ratio of centenarians in these districts shows a decreasing trend and a stair type distribution from the western to the eastern. The northwest plateau of Sichuan and the Chengdu Plain with highest ratio of centenarians are among longevity areas of China. The former may be called as plateau mountain type longevity area , its main causes include the prolongation of growth period resulting from cold climate, the active effects of inaccessible social environment and simply dietary structure, and the role of adverse natural conditions in population structure. The latter, as plain hilly type longevity area, its main causes include the more developed economy, the higher living standard, and the custom of advocating Confucianism culture.