广东省南昆山伯乐树群落特征及其保护策略

Characteristics of Community and in situ Conservation Strategy of Bretschneidera sinensis in Nankun Mountain,Guangdong Province

在广东省南昆山自然保护区内调查了中国特有珍稀植物伯乐树种群的分布格局、龄级结构和伴生群落的物种组成。结果表明:该种群的分布范围狭窄且集中;龄级不完整,Ⅱ、Ⅲ级幼树少见,结构呈衰退型;伴生群落呈典型的亚热带植物区系的特点,其组成不稳定、优势种不显著。建议将伯乐树幼树作为就地保护的重点,适当去除周围的罗浮槭、羊角杜鹃和黄樟等速生树种,以创造有光照和水肥条件的生境;对于Ⅳ级以上成株,应注意拟赤杨和华润楠等空间生态位相近树种的数量和密度,适当疏剪枝条,以帮助成株占据较好的空间位;同时再积极引入异龄的伯乐树幼苗,促进种群恢复和发展。

The distribution pattern,age structure and species composition of concomitant community of Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl.were investigated in Nankun Mountain Nature Reserve,Guangdong province.Results showed that the distribution area of this population was narrow and concentrated;the age structure was incomplete and decline,especially Ⅱ,Ⅲ saplings were scarce;The concomitant community belonged to typical sub-tropical zone;whereas the species composition was unstable and the dominant species was not significant.It was advised that in situ conservation of the saplings should be emphasized by getting rid of the fast-growing species such as Acer fabri,Rhododendron cavaleriei and Cinnamomum parthenoxylon to create better circumstance with sunshine,water and fertilizer;and for the adult tree elder than Ⅳ,the number and density of Alniphyllum fortunei and Machilus chinensis which have the similar spatial niches to B.sinensis should be monitored and thinned out timely to help the adult tree get better canopy space.The reintroduction of seedlings at uneven age of B.sinensis should be carried out actively to promote the recovery and development of the population.