论旅游地生态旅游文化系统之构建

On establishing cultural system of ecotourism for the destination

旅游地实现可持续发展是生态旅游理论研究和实践发展的核心目标之一。从系统论和文化生态学的角度对生态旅游主、客体构成问题进行了重点的分析,认为生态旅游系统中主体构成包括生态旅游者、非生态旅游者、旅游经营者和旅游属地居民;客体构成包括生态旅游地的自然本底景观和旅游地的风景景观。以此为基础提出了包含旅游景区生态和谐子系统(物质层次)和人对旅游地景观的心灵认知和感悟子系统(精神层次)的生态旅游文化系统,并指出该系统中存在的5种能量信息互动关系和关系介质-生态旅游体验。通过该研究的归总以期推进研究者和管理者对生态旅游文化构成的探讨,将学术界和非学术界对生态旅游的观点相互结合并促使生态旅游实现真正意义上的可持续发展。

Over the past 15 years,ecotourism has become one of the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry,growing three times faster than the industry as a whole.At the same time,ecotourism is being increasingly viewed by local and indigenous communities as an important tool for promoting sustainable livelihoods,cultural preservation,and biodiversity conservation.The International Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as ＂responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people＂.Ecotourism has,in essence,three core tenants.It holds that,done well,it can（1） protect and enhance the environment,（2） respect local cultures and provide tangible benefits to host communities,and（3） be educational as well as enjoyable for the traveler.It is a core purpose to realize sustainable development of destinations for theory research and practice advancing in ecotourism.From the perspectives of the theory of system and cultural ecology,this paper conducts a prior analysis on the constitution issue of subject and object in the ecotourism.In this system constitution,the subject part consists of ecotourists,non-ecotourists,tourism business and local residents,whereas the object part consists of indigenous sight and local scenery.On this base,the paper brings in the concept of ecotourism cultural system,which includes the two subsystems of eco-harmonious subsystem of the tourism sites and the other subsystem presenting the cognation and perception of visitors to the destinations.The paper also points out five kinds of energy and information interaction existing in the system,and the transmedia-ecotourism experience as well.The aim of this paper is to enlighten the awareness of the ecotourism idea of policymakers and managers,to combine the viewpoints of both of the academic and non-academic circles,so as to incite the authentically sustainable development in ecotourism.