两宋时期自然灾害的文学记述与地理分布规律

Literary records and geographic distribution rule of natural disasters in Song Dynasty

两宋320年间共发生灾害1739次,灾害种类14种,如此深重的灾害是导致两宋"积贫积弱,国力不强"的一大主要因素。由于宋朝时期的地理气候特点,水灾、旱灾接连不断发生,并且成为两宋最主要的自然灾害。古代自然灾害研究主要依据史书记载,中国是世界上少数灾害多发的国家之一,文学作品中反映出来的灾难与救世观念可以给人们很多启发。以王禹偁为代表的宋代文学家给后世留下了许多记述灾害的文学作品,从文学作品的记述中可以提取古代灾害的准确信息。北宋都城位于开封,南宋京都在杭州,由于史料对当时中央政府所在地省份的记述颇为翔实,两宋自然灾害的省区分布,以河南、浙江灾害次数最多。

Natural disasters should be the chief factor causing ＂Piled-up Poverty and Weakness in the 320a of Song Dynasty. There were 14 kinds of the nantural disasters, and their total feaquency were up to 1739. Flood and drought had become the two main natural disasters for their frequency and intensity. Ancient natural disasters are always studied according to relative history record. China is among the countries that frequently suffer the ravages of natural disasters in the world. Enlightenment can be gained from disasters and saving ideas refelected in literary work. Wang Yu-cheng, as a special representative of literator in Song Dynasty, left behind lots of literary work about disasters, from which we can get accurate information about disasters. The Capital of the Northern Song Dynasty was Kaifeng and the Capital of the Southern Song Dynasty was Hangzhou, among the discription of natural disasters in Song Dynasty in different provinces, the natural disasters in Henan and Zhejiang provinces were always recorded fully and more accurately because the latter were the seat of the central government.