基于GIS的锡林郭勒盟雪灾救助区划

GIS based-rescue regionalization of snow disaster in Xilin Gol League

锡林郭勒盟位于内蒙古自治区东部、冷高压前端,冬季寒冷而漫长,极易发生雪灾,几乎每10年就会发生一次雪灾,给人们的生命、财产安全造成了极大的威胁。根据自然灾害理论,构建了锡盟雪灾救助区划评价指标模型。以雪灾历史灾情、人口分布、牲畜分布和第一、二、三产业为危险性指标,以人口分布、GDP分布、道路通达性为救灾能力评价指标,并利用先进的3S技术和计算机存储技术,将各个指标进行空间模拟计算。最后利用层次分析法确定各指标权重,得到了锡林郭勒盟5级救助区划图。根据当地的自然条件和社会经济条件,结合救灾点分布情况,依次制定了各级地区的救助方案,为政府的减灾救灾工作提供决策支持。

Xilin Gol League is located in the middle east of Inner Mongolia, which faces on the front of cold high pressure, and has a long and cold winter, so the snow disaster is very easily to happen there about once 10 years.The snow disaster does great harm to people＇s lives and property system, the paper constructs evaluating indicators and model for security. Based on the theory of natural disaster snow disaster system, The dangerous indicators contain spatial distributions of historical disaster, population, livestock, the primary, second and third industries, the indicators of rescue ability evaluation contain the spatial distribution of population, GDP and traveling convenienee of road. Then every indicator＇ s spatial distribution was simulated with 3S technique and storage teehnigue. Finally, the weight of every indicator was determined with analytic hierarchy process to obtain the rescue regionalization of 5 levels, draught rescue plans with consideration of local rescue characters and give a reference to decisionmaking of government on disaster reduction and rescue.