黄河海勃湾段黄河鲤、兰州鲶栖息环境水力学特征研究

Habitat hydraulics characteristics of Cyprinus carpio and Silurus Lanzhouensis in the Haibowan reach of Yellow River

淹没、径流调节变化对鱼类等生物资源的影响是水库建设关注的重要环境问题。本文以黄河海勃湾河段为背景,在介绍黄河鲤、兰州鲶生态习性的基础上,对鱼类繁殖期的流速、水深及水位波动特征进行了计算和分析。结果表明：鱼类产卵期4-8月海勃湾坝址下游断面平均流速在1m/s以下,且变动幅度较小; 兰州鲶产卵期日水深波动低于0.1m,三日水位波动幅度在±0.1m之间,五日水位波动幅度最大约0.15m; 黄河鲤产卵期日水深波动幅度最大约0.16m,三日水位波动幅度最大为0.4m,五日水位波动幅度最大为0.6m。

Hydraulic projects impact eco - environments of a nature river due to the changes in submergence and runoff conditions. The influences on fish imposed by the changes of hydrological conditions must be analyzed before the construction of a project. This paper shows a study case, the Haibowan reach of Yellow River where a reservoir is planed on. We first introduce the fish ecological habits, and then focus on an analysis of three hydraulic parameters, flow velocity, water depth and change in water depth. Results show that in the spawning period the variations of cross-sectional average velocity and average water depth with flow rate are quite small, so the flow conditions remain relatively stable on the reach downstream the planned dam. This is favorable to fish habitat, and the results are qualitatively consistent with the filed survey data.