清代数学家使用笔算略论

A Study on Mathematician′s Calculation with Pen and Paper in the Qing Dynasty

讨论了清代使用的各种计算手段，指出清代数学家在数学研究中采用的计算手段和演算方法主要是笔算。介绍了清代两种不同的笔算体系：一种是由西方传入的笔算体系，另一种是中国的筹式演算体系。分析了笔算在清代数学从实用性向学术性转变中所起的作用，认为笔算对清代数学的发展产生了重要影响。

The calculating tools and method of performing mathematical calculations in the Qing Dynasty are studied. It is concluded that mathematicians formed and calculated mainly by means of written calculation with pen and paper in the Qing Dynasty.The important position of written caculation in mathematics in the Qing Dynasty is discussed.