流动地景:大尺度城市景观的生态设计方法

LANDSCAPE AS FLOWS:AN ECOLOGICAL DESIGN APPROACH TO LARGE-SCALE URBAN LANDSCAPE

本文介绍近几年有关景观城市主义的争论,并提出流动地景作为生态设计的另一种命题及其局限性,探讨大尺度城市景观的生态设计方法。比较加拿大多伦多Downsview公园设计及高雄2009世运会场地规划,总结出生态设计的3种可能方法:形象地景、流动地景及时间地景等。生态设计的有效介入,有赖于地景生态网络的策略性位置,可影响植被变迁、生物多样性与水文过程。生态设计非固定的地景形式创造,而是一种策略规划以及机制与过程的设计。大尺度的城市地景空间可以经由精细的及渐进的改造计划,重建城市肌理与自然系统的连结网络。

The paper introduces recent debates on landscape urbanism. It highlights a proposition of landscape as flaws, an effective conceptual tool, however with its limitation, for exploring how we can design a large-scale urban landscape. Through the comparison of two recent international design competitions, Toronto Downsview Park and Kaohsiung 2009 World Games Pork, the paper concludes with three possible approaches to ecological design： landscape as picture, landscape as flow and landscape as process. The effectiveness of ecological design intervention partially depends on its strategic point in the landscape ecological network of the region, which influences the vegetation dynamics, bio-diversity and hydrological processes. It should be treated as a strategic planning and the design of mechanism and process, rather than as a static landscape form. The large-scale urban transformation, including the reconstruction of city fabric and the reconnections of networks in natural system is to be conducted through micro-scale actions and incremental processes.