蒴翟的细胞学鉴定及其与接骨木的核型比较

Cytological Identification of Sambucus chinensis L. and Karyotype Comparison Between S. chinensis and S. willamsii H.

为了从细胞学角度鉴定忍冬科(Caprifoliaceae)接骨木属(Sambucus)2种植物蒴翟(Sambucus Chinensis L.)和接骨木(Sambucus willamsii H.),对安徽滁州地区蒴翟的染色体核型进行分析,并和接骨木进行比较。结果表明,蒴翟体细胞染色体数目为2n=34,染色体基数x=17,为二倍体物种。与接骨木(2n=2x=36)相比,存在染色体数目差异。其核型公式为k(2n)=34=14m+14sm+6st,核型类型为2B型(接近3B型);最长与最短染色体长度比为2.07,臂比>2的染色体比为0.47。在系统进化程度上蒴翟较接骨木高级,这可能是草本蒴翟比木本接骨木具有更强生态适应性的细胞学证据之一。

In order to identify cytologically 2 species of medicinal plants of the genus Sambucus under the family Caprifoliaceae, Sambucus chinensis L. and S. willamsii H., the karyotype of S. chinensis L. collected from Chuzhou, Anhui was determined and compared with that of S. willamsii H. The results showed that S. chinensis L. had a diploid chromosome number of 2n=34, with the base number of chromosomes being 17, and varied in chromosome number as compared with S. willamsii H. （2n=2x=36） . The karyotype formula of S. chinensis L. was k（2n）=34=14m ＋14sm ＋6st, which belonged to ＂ 2B＂ type, close to ＂ 3B＂ htype; the chromosome length ratio was 2.07; proportion of chromosomes with arm ratio being 2 was 0.47. All these indicated that S. chinensis L. is higher in phyletic evolution than S. willamsii H., which might be one of the cytological evidences that S. chinensis L. has a higher ecological adaptability than S. willamsii H. even though they both belong to the same genus Sambucus.