文化唯物主义的理论尝试——评雷蒙德·威廉斯的马克思主义

The Theoretical Attempt of Cultural Materialism——The Comment on Raymond Williams'Marxism

作为英国马克思主义文化研究的领军人物,威廉斯对"文化"一词进行了重新阐释,提出了"文化是整个生活方式"的新文化观,并把它作为建构"文化唯物主义"理论大厦的基石;借助于这种新文化观,威廉斯进一步完善了传统马克思主义理论的"基础和上层建筑"的公式,并克服了当时英国文化研究中的机械论倾向;威廉斯的文化研究具有强烈的政治倾向。通过对利维斯主义的批判,威廉斯指出:工人阶级文化并不是他们贬低的"文明",而是一种非常出色的创造性文化。

As the leader of British Marxism cultural studies, Williams, re - explained the meaning of ＂Culture＂ and put forward an important inference：cuhure is the whole ways of life, which was the foundation of the school of Cultural Materialism; Based on this new viewpoint of culture, Williams improved the formula of base and superstructure in the traditional Marxism theory and remedy the mechanistic tendency in British cultural studies of the day ; Williams criticized Leavisism and pointed out that the culture of the working class was not the civilization but a creative culture.