对西方马克思主义技术批判理论的反思

REFLECTIONS OVER WESTERN MARXIST TECHNOLOGY CRITICISM THEORY

卢卡奇以物化开始了对西方病态社会的技术批判,把现代生产揭示为抽象化、形式化和合理化。海德格尔的"座架"、马尔库塞的技术统治论、哈贝马斯的科学技术作为意识形态、芬伯格的"技术代码"等都坚持了技术设计的人类学因素,即技术不是中性的。他们的技术批判理论体现着西方的人文主义传统,即技术的设计是一种历史的和社会的设计。在技术的设计中应该坚持在感性交往基础上的释义学方向,允许有多种可能技术的共同存在,从而显现出人类生活的多样性和丰富性。

Geory Lukacs began his technical criticism against the abnormal western society with materialization and revealed modern production as abstract, formalized and rational. Martin Heidegger＇ s ＂Ge stell＇, Herbert Marcuse＇s technocracy, Jurgen Habermas＇ theory of science and technology as ideology, and Andrew Feenberg＇s ＂technical codes＂, etc. all maintain the anthropological factor of technical design, that is, technology is not neutral. Their technology criticism theory embodies the western humanistic tradition. In other words, the design of technology is a kind of historical and social design in which it is important to stick to the hermeneutical direction based on perceptual communication, to allow the co-existence of a multitude of possible technologies so as to reveal the diversity and richness of human life.