中和试验和ELISA法检测育龄妇女血清麻疹抗体的比较

Comparison of Antibody against Measles Virus in Sera from Child-bearing Women Detected by Neutralization Test and Quantitative ELSIA

目的:研究中和试验和ELISA两种麻疹抗体检测方法结果的相关性,并初步探讨新生儿对麻疹易感的原因。方法:采集本院住院的85例小于9月龄麻疹患儿母亲血清,同时采集13位幼年患过麻疹的育龄妇女血清作为对照。通过细胞培养测定血清中和抗体滴度,同时使用ELISA诊断试剂定量检测麻疹IgG抗体,统计学分析比较两种检测结果的相关性。结果:98例血清ELISA法和中和试验法两者均阳性89例,总符合率为90.82%,两者结果不符合主要见于抗体浓度较低的标本;两种检测方法麻疹抗体检测结果具有正相关性(R=0.8285,P<0.001)。当中和抗体滴度大于1:16时,ELISA抗体浓度均高于200mIU/ml;而当ELISA抗体浓度均高于700mIU/ml,中和抗体均阳性。患儿患病时,其母亲麻疹ELISA抗体平均水平633mIU/ml,平均中和抗体滴度1:37,而幼年有麻疹史的同龄妇女麻疹ELISA抗体平均水平为1498mIU/ml,中和抗体滴度为1:182;两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:中和试验和ELISA麻疹抗体检测结果具有良好的相关性;ELISA麻疹抗体浓度高于700mIU/ml是麻疹中和抗体阳性的可靠指标。婴幼儿麻疹易感性增加与其母亲麻疹抗体低下有关。

Objective：To investigate the correlation of the antibodies against measles virus（anti-MV）in sera from child-bearing women detected by neutralization test and quantitative ELISA and to clarify the reason of increased susceptibility to measles in young infants in China.Methods：85 women whose whose children（9 month old）suffered from measles and 13 age-matched women who had histories of measles during their childhood were included.Anti-MV in the sera was in parallel detected by neutralization test and quantitative ELISA.Results：Of the total 98 sera,89（90.82%）were positive for anti-MV in the both tests;the unaccordant results mainly occurred in samples with lower concentration of anti-MV.The antibody detected by the two tests had positive correlation（R=0.8285,P 0.001）.When the neutralizing titers were higher than 1：16,the ELISA anti-MV was always more than 200 mIU/ml.While ELISA anti-MV was greater than 700 mIU/ml,neutralizing antibody was always positive.The mean measles neutralizing titers in the vaccinated mothers without natural boosting were significantly lower than that in 13 age-match women with the histories of clinical measles（1：37 vs 1：182,P〈0.05）.Conclusions：Anti-MV levels detected by neutralization test and ELSIA are positively correlated.ELISA anti-MV higher than 700 mIU/ml reliably indicates the adequate amount of neutralizing antibody.The increased susceptibility of young infants to measles in China is largely due to the low measles IgG in their mothers.