核取证分析方法研究和运用的评述

Review of the study and application on nuclear forensic analysis

为了国家的安全利益,核取证分析领域的很多科学家过去在放射性材料探测和属性研究方面做了大量的工作,发展了一系列科学技术手段,用于追踪、探查武器用核材料和其他危害公众安全的放射性材料的非法流通。它涉及材料的物理、化学、生物学属性等多方面的学术研究。核取证分析技术已形成了一门特殊的,新的学术研究领域。研究核取证分析方法的目的,不仅是为了防止恐怖分子得到核武器,也防止他们得到核材料,包括动力堆中的放射性材料和一般民用放射性材料。要尽可能从有关材料的属性信息得到与环境相关的线索,帮助我们追踪其走私的途径,以回答:是什么材料?来自何处?如何运到被截获地的?如何由合法转为非法的?是谁干的?简要地描述了核取证分析的内容、分析方法及其应用。

For the interests of national security, many scientists who work in the field of nuclear forensic analysis have carried out extensive work in the past on the detection of radioactive material and attributions study, developed a series of scientific and technical means to trace and detect illicit circulation of nuclear materials used to weapons and other radioactive materials which impair public security. All these questions relate to physical, chemical, biological attribution of materials. The nuclear forensic analysis has already become a special, up-to-date sphere of learning. The goal of the study of nuclear forensics is to prevent terrorists from acquiring not only nuclear weapons but also materials that can be used to make such weapons, including radioactive materials for nuclear power plants, and medical radioisotope to and provide us as many clues of environmental links as possible that could help us trace the smuggling path, to answer the following questions. What is the material？ Where did it come from？ How did it pass from legitimate to illicit use？ How did it get to where it was interdicted？ Who did it？ This paper outlines the contents, analysis means and application of nuclear forensics.