淮北地区夏玉米肥料配合施用技术研究

Study on the Combined Application Technique of Fertilizers for Summer Maize in Huaibei Area

[目的]探讨适宜淮北地区的夏玉米优质高产施肥技术。[方法]以淮北地区主栽玉米品种郑单958为试材,生长期间施肥设置氮磷钾肥不同用量的10个处理,研究氮磷钾肥运筹对玉米产量、品质及养分吸收的影响。[结果]玉米产量与施氮量的二次回归方程为:Y=491.12+15.99X-0.30X^2(R=0.987 7^(**)),磷肥对产量有一定影响,但在施磷量较大时,随施磷量的增加,磷肥对产量影响作用减弱,施钾对玉米产量影响不大。100 kg籽粒对氮磷钾的需求量平均分别为2.87、0.90、2.09 kg。10个施肥处理的氮、磷、钾利用率平均分别为39.68%、35.43%、50.01%。施肥对玉米株型结构、功能叶的叶绿素含量、氮磷钾含量及籽粒品质影响不大。[结论]淮北地区产量为10 500 kg/hm^2夏玉米的适宜施肥量为:N 300～375 kg/hm^2、P_2O_575～90 kg/hm^2、K_2O 75～90 kg/hm^2。

[Objective]The aim was to discuss the fertilization technique for high quality and high yield of summer maize that was suitable in Huaibei area.[Method]With the main planting maize variety Zhengdan 958 in Huaibei area as the tested material,the 10 treatments of NPK fertilizer with different application amounts were set up during the growth stage to study the effect of NPK fertilizer management on the yield, quality and nutrient absorption of maize.[Result]The quadratic regress equations of corn yield and nitrogen application rate were as follows： Y= 491.12 ＋ 15.99X-0.30X^2（R =0.9877^（＊＊））.P fertilizer had a certain effect on the yield,but when the P application amount was larger, with the rising of the P application rate,the effect of P fertilizer was decreased on the yield and the effect of K application was little on the maize yield.The average demand quantity of 100 kg grain on N,P and K were 2.87,0.90,2.09 kg resp.The average utilization rates of N, P and K in 10 fertilization treatments were 39.68%,35.43%,50.01%resp.The effect of application fertilizer on the plant-type structure of maize,the chlorophyll content in functional leaf,the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content in plants and grain quality was little.[Conclusion] The suitable fertilization rate of summer maize for per-hektare yield of 105 000 kg in Huaibei area was as follows：N 300 - 375 kg/hm^2,P_2O_5 75 -90 kg/hm^2,K_2O 75 -90 kg/hm^2.