从品种志分析吉林省大豆八十五年来育种方法及农艺特性演变

Changes of Breeding Method and Agronomic Traits of Released Soybean Cultivars during Past 85 Years in Jilin Province

根据品种志和选育报告（1923—2007年）分析了吉林省大豆育种方法和大豆农艺性状的演变。结果表明：随着年代推移，育种方法由系统选育、杂交选育又增加了引种、优势育种、花粉管通道育种和诱变选育技术。农艺性状方面，不同年代品种的株高、节数变幅不大，20世纪90年代以后略有增加；百粒重随着年代推移一直呈增加趋势；结荚习性表现为亚有限型品种比例增加，无限型和有限型比例下降，并且亚有限品种近些年占据主导地位；叶形表现为圆叶品种比例下降，尖叶品种逐渐增加；品种耐密性有下降趋势。

With the increase of soybean production level, soybean breeding method and agronomic traits had been greatly changed. Development and evolution of soybean breeding method and agronomic traits during past 85 years in Jilin Province were analyzed. Compared with the previous systematic breeding and hybridization breeding, the new breeding method, such as introduction, heteresis breeding, pollen- tube pathway, mutation breeding, were increased. Among agronomic traits, plant height and node number in different years had slightly increased after 1990s, 100-seed weight showed increasing trend. Cultivars with semi-determinate growth habit increased and took the dominant place in recent years while indeterminate and determinate cultivars decreased. Ratio of the cuhivar with round leaf decreased whereas cultivars with narrow leaf increased. Density-tolerance of cuhivars showed downtrend.