不同播期对华南夏大豆品种产量和品质的影响

Effects of Sowing Date on Yield and Quality of Summer-sown Soybean in South China

采用3个国审夏大豆新品种,在广州分5个播期种植,研究了不同播期对华南夏大豆农艺性状、产量、蛋白质及脂肪含量的影响。结果表明:播期对大豆的农艺性状、产量和品质都有明显的影响。播期对产量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪及蛋脂总和的影响达显著或极显著水平;对不同品种的产量构成因素也有显著的影响,随着播期的延迟,单株产量、主茎荚数、分枝荚数、主茎粒数和分枝粒数呈显著下降趋势。在6月中旬至7月上旬播种,大豆产量和品质表现较好,是最佳播种期。在7月下旬之后播种,大豆植株矮小,分枝数少且分枝粒数比主茎粒数少,需要增加播种密度来提高产量;同时应适当灌溉,以防晚熟或晚播品种在开花至鼓粒期受干旱影响。华夏3号在最佳时期播种,分枝产量起主要贡献,所以该品种在6月中旬至7月上旬播种应合理密植,以保证通过提高分枝产量而获得高产。

Three nationally- certified summer- sown soybean cultivars adapted to grow in South China were planted at five sowing times in Guangzhou to determine optimal sowing time and effects of sowing time on agronomic traits, yield, protein and oil contents of seeds. The results indicated that sowing time had significant effects on the soybean yield and quality. And the optimal sowing period was from mid-June to early July. The yield, plant height, number of pods or seeds on main stem, number of pods or seeds on branch had a significant tendency of gradually decreasing with the delay of sowing time, and different soybean genotypes varied in the extent of this decreasing tendency. In late July sowing, there was a need to increase the sowing density and apply some irrigation to protect the late-maturing or late-sown varieties from drought stress. When cuhivar Huaxia 3 was planted under the optimal sowing time, there were more pods or seeds on branches than main stem. Therefore a reasonable density for this variety should be adopted in order to increase yield of whole plant.