冲击与反弹:基督教与藏传佛教的早期遭遇——以保安教案为例

Culture Shock and Counteraction:The Early Confrontation between Christianity and Tibetan Buddhism Based on Baoan Missionary Case

近代中国教案频发,究其根底,乃因基督教在传播过程中的多重面目,形成了对中国固有政治结构、社会结构与文化传统的冲击。在冲击与反弹的模式中,中西文化的冲突构成了教案的重要内容。然而中国传统文化亦因类型繁多,不仅有占主体地位的汉族文化,也有各种形态的少数族群文化,从而使中西文化的冲突也呈现出各异的形态和内涵。在早期基督教传入安多藏区的过程中,两种宗教因基本教义、信仰体系和传教形式的不同,在相互的接触中,不可避免地引发了两种同样对社会具有强制性干预色彩的宗教的冲突。藏传佛教对基督教的排斥,既是一种宗教文化对外来文化形态的排异反应,也存在现实利益的考虑。1899年发生的保安教案,清晰地展现了宣道会在保安堡传教的努力与隆务寺对传教士的不满与敌视,最终演变成为一场驱逐传教士的暴力事件。

The frequently occurred missionary cases in modern China were caused basically by the many-sided behavior of Christian church in their missionary work which brought about impact on the innate Chinese political institution, social structure and cultural tradition. The conflict between Chinese and western cultures played a prominent role in the missionary cases. However, the cultural conflict was not confined to one form only since the traditional Chinese culture contained not only the Han culture but also various minority cultures. The introduction of Christian religion into Amdo Tibetan Region inevitably gave rise to the conflict between two equally mandatory and interposing religions because of their difference in fundamental doctrine, belief framework as well as way of doing missionary work. The rejection of Christianity by Tibetan Buddhism was not only the repulsion by one culture of another alien culture, but also the manifestation of the interest clash. In Baoan missionary case happened in Amdo in 1899, it was the missionary work by the Evangelical Church that brought about the resentment from Rongwo Monastery, which developed into a violent event to expel the missionaries.