从《合同法》解释(二)第二十六条再论情势变更原则

A Further Study of the Principle of Circumstance Alternation in Accordance with the 26th Article of the Interpretation(2) of Contract Law

合同法司法解释(二)第二十六条确立了情势变更原则。引入情势变更原则的价值在于当合同原有的利益平衡因经济的激烈动荡而导致不公正结果时,施以法律的救济。情势变更原则历史沿革及其在我国的演进起伏,说明该原则的确立来之不易。它是公平原则适用的体现,是当代民法的特别规范。第二十六条司法解释有成功之处,也有待改进之处。要发挥情势变更原则的适用功效,就应谨慎考察其法律构成要件,严格区分与不可抗力及正常市场风险之间的不同,最大限度地避免对交易安全和市场秩序造成大的冲击。就其适用法律后果是变更还是撤销合同,法院要以公平原则为基本准则,结合具体案情定夺。

Article 26 of judicial interpretation （2） for Contract law establishes the principle of the situation changes. The value of introduction the principle to change the situation lies in the fact that when the balance between the interests of the original contract, because of financial instability caused by the intense unjust results, subject to legal relief. The establishment of the principle did not come easily, because it is hard to change for the principle of the situation history and its ups and downs in China＇s evolution. It is a manifestation of the principle of fairness applies to contemporary norms of civil law in particular. Judicial interpretation of Article 26 success, but it is also much room for improvement. To exert the effectiveness of the principle, they should carefully study the legal elements of strict distinction between the normal and the force majeure and the difference between market risks and maximize safety to avoid the transaction and the market impact of large order. On the legal consequences of its application to change or revoke the contract, the court of equitable principles to the basic norms, combined with the specific case decided.