我国“别除权”立法及理论研究

Theoretical and Legislative Research on Exemption Right in Our Country

别除权制度是破产制度(特别是破产清算制度)中的一项重要制度,但我国有关别除权制度的立法不仅未采用"别除权"的概念而且对别除权在破产程序中的行使等许多问题均未作出明确规定。从现行立法与立法理论结合的角度出发,在分析和比较德国、日本别除权立法最新成果的基础上就完善我国的别除权立法提出具体建议。同时还就别除权立法理论中的一个核心问题,即如何规定别除权与破产程序的关系问题进行专门分析,并指出:破产立法应重点对别除权在破产程序中的如何行使作出规定;别除权作为破产法规定的一种优先受偿权利,其行使必须受破产程序的约束;其优先受偿性只是表现为可不依破产财产清偿顺序优先受偿,亦即别除权人可在债权人的集体清偿程序之外个别地和排他地接受清偿,而不是在破产程序之外自由受偿。别除权的基础权利虽然非破产法律制度所特设,但因其行使与破产程序密切相关,故其权能本身已不完全等同于民事或商事优先权。

Exemption Right is an important system in hankruptcy system, specially in bankruptcy liquidation system. But in our legislative system, there is neither the concept of the ＂Exemption Right＂ , nor the specific claim on the exercise in the bankcrupt system such as how to use the right. By comparing the latest achievement in exemption right legislation in Germany and Japan, and proceeding from both active legislation and legislative theory, this paper offers proposals of bettering the first priority claim in our country. At the same time this article also analyses the key problem in the legislative theory of how to deal with an exemption right in bankruptcy proceedings and the relationship between a special analysis, and points out that： exemption right, as the insolvency law provides for a priority claim to the right, its exercise must be bound by the bankruptcy proceedings; its priorities by performance of just compensation for non-bankruptcy liquidation order of priority for repayment of the property, that is, people may be at first priority creditors outside of the collective liquidation procedures of individual and exclusive to accept settlement, rather than outside of insolvency proceedings for repayment of freedom.