《三国演义》中的巫术描写及其表现功能与负面效应

On Witchcraft Description and Expressive Function and Negative Effect in Romance of the Three Kingdoms

巫术是人类社会的一种重要文化现象,它对中国古代的社会生活、文学艺术都产生过深远的影响。成书于元末明初的《三国演义》,虽然是一部历史演义小说,但无论在思想内容上,还是艺术表现上,都与中国古老的巫术文化存在着重要的关联。《三国演义》描写到的巫术类型就有相术、占星、占卜、通天等。这些巫术描写,对于丰富小说的文化内涵、表现小说的宿命论思想、形成小说的显隐双线结构、增加小说情节的曲折性,形成小说多方面的叙事艺术技巧,都有着重要的作用。但毋庸置疑,也宣扬传播了封建迷信与宿命论,损害了小说情节内容和人物形象的真实性。对《三国演义》巫术描写的这种负面效应,我们也应有足够的认识。

The witchcraft culture was the important cultural phenomenon in the Chinese ancient times. It has profound influence on the social life and literary arts of Chinese ancient times. Romance of the Three Kingdoms was the practice of history novel written in the end of Yuan and at the beginning of Qing. It has the important commetion with the witchcraft culture in the Chinese ancient times both in thought - content and artistic expression. The types of witchcraft described in Romance of the Three Kingdoms were physiognomy, astrology, augury, connection with Gods and so on. These descriptions of witchcraft play an important role in enriching cultural connotation of the novel, expressing fatalism thought of the novel, making the obviously the hidden doublet structure to increase the tortuosity, forming various narrative art skill. Certainly, these witchcraft descriptions also disseminated the feudal superstition, harmed the plot of novel and the authenticity of character image. We should fully recognize the negative effects of the witchcraft description in this novel.