区域生态风险评价研究进展

Progress of Regional Ecological Risk Assessment

生态风险评价已进入到区域生态风险评价阶段,评价尺度的扩展反映了人类对自身生命支持系统的关注和对环境进行管理和决策的实践需要。针对区域尺度的生态风险评价,着重从评价区域类型、评价内容、范式、方法、技术、模型等层面进行综述。结果表明:区域生态风险评估的核心和关键是合理选择和表征区域生态风险源和风险受体,科学探讨和量化多风险源和多风险受体的交互作用。面向未来,区域生态风险评价应该在等级斑块动态理论框架指导下,发展一套具体的评价方法,深入进行不确定性分析,加强G IS技术和其他模型、技术的综合运用。

Ecological Risk Assessment （ERA） is evolving. With the expansion of scale, it goes into the phase of Regional Risk Ecological Risk （RERA）, which reflects the practice requirement of environment management and decision-making. Facing muhi-stressors, muhi-stressors and their complex interaction at regional scale, different methods, techniques and models are applied in many RERA case studies in the past 20 years. Although paradigm, framework and achievements are reached, there still have many problems in RERA, such as the upsealing from individual to region, and the uncertainly issues. For a full understanding and better future studying, this paper provides a detail literature review on RERA from perspectives of assessment area type, research context, paradigm, framework, method, technology and related model. Here, we argue that the crucial and challenge work in RERA is reasonable choosing and characterization of regional risk stressors and receptors, and quantification of the complex stressor-receptors interaction. We also suggest that future study on RERA should establish more concrete and solid method for assessment under guideline of the hierarchical patch dynamic paradigm, strength the uncertainty analysis, reinforce geographic information systems （GIS） application combined with other models and techniques, and develop towards a regional integrated ecological assessment.