古今载论中的孙悟空崇祀之俗

On the Custom of Ritual Worship of the Monkey King

随着西游故事的东西流衍形成,孙悟空逐渐成为民间崇祀的对象。其始或在南宋,元明清三代曾经兴盛,至晚清归于消歇。此俗前后有数百年的历史,是一份业已消失的民间文化遗产。今见文献中孙悟空崇祀之俗最早似起于福建,而至少云南、湖北、甘肃、江苏、山西、山东等地也比较流行,实际流行的区域可能更广。明末以至清代的孙悟空崇祀之俗为宋元流风,但也不排除百回《西游记》成书后的影响。但是,百回本《西游记》中孙悟空形象的塑造肯定受有此本成书以前孙悟空崇祀之俗的影响。

With the formation of the story ＂Journey to the West＂ ,the Monkey King has become the object of civil worship ritual. This phenomenon began from the South - Song Dynasty, flourished in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasty, confined in the Qing Dynasty. It is a cultural heritage which has several hundred years history, but it disappeared now. This custom was first seen in Fujian,popular in Yunnan, Hubei, Gansu, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Shandong and other places. This custom of Ming and Qing dynasties began from Song and Yuan dynas- ty and is affected by ＂Journey to the West＂. The image of the Monkey King in ＂ Journey to the West＂ （100 chapters） is affected by such practices.