现代市民社会与国家对立关系的学理之思

Rational reflections on the antagonistic relationship between modern civil society and the state

近代以降,市民社会与国家的对立关系成为众多政治哲学理论争论的焦点。争论的关键在于对社会如何进行调控,是主要依靠国家还是主要依靠市民社会。分岐的实质是坚持两种对立的范式,即"国家范式"和"市民社会范式"。这两种范式的方法论基础是强调市民社会与国家的零和博弈关系,若将它们推向极致,必定产生国家支配市民社会和市民社会消融国家两种不可取的理论架构。同时,两种范式所指涉的国家干预市民社会和市民社会制衡国家的理论架构,也蕴含多重缺陷和误导,值得深刻反思。

The antagonistic relationship between civil society and the state has been the focus of debate of a number of political philosophy theories. Their arguments lie in how to regulate the society, rel- ying on the state or civil society. Two opposing paradigms ＂national paradigm＂ and ＂civil society par- adigm＂ have been proposed, whose methodology is based on the zero-sum game relationship between the civil society and the state. This methodology has multiple flaws and is thus misleading, calling for serious reflections.