资本-劳动替代的技术特征及其对扩大就业的启示

Technical features of capital-labor substitution and their implications for employment expansion

资本替代劳动取决于技术因素和两者相对价格的变化,是一国工业化阶段必然经历的过程。由于体制和资本-劳动相对价格扭曲等原因,我国出现了资本对劳动的过度替代,导致经济高增长未能带来相应的就业增长。资本-劳动替代具有一定的行业特征、体制特征和时序特征,针对资本-劳动替代的技术特征,采取打破行业垄断、改革完善要素市场和发展有较小替代弹性的产业等措施,可以有效减轻资本对劳动的过度替代,有利于扩大就业。

Capital replacement of labor depends on technical factors and changes in relative prices, and it is the inevitable process in a country＇s industrialization. Due to system and relative price distortions and other reasons, China has seen capital-labor over-substitution, resulting in high economic growth which, yet, has failed to bring about a corresponding employment growth. Capital-labor substitution has certain industrial, system and timing features. In light of the technical features, it is proposed that to break trade monopoly, reform and improve factor markets, and develop the industries of small elasticity of substitution can effectively reduce the capital over-substitution of labor and help to expand employment.