上海高技术产业各行业效率变化研究——基于Malmquist TFP指数方法的实证分析

Research on Efficiency Variation of Shanghai High-tech Industries——an Empirical Analysis Based on Malmquist TFP Index Approach

本文基于Malmquist全要素生产率指数,选取九个投入指标和五个产出指标,对上海市高技术产业的五个细分行业进行多投入、多产出的动态效率测度。计算结果表明:(1)医药制造业效率增长较慢,波动较小,效率的提高是资源配置效率和技术进步率共同提高的结果;(2)航空航天制造业效率高速增长,波动幅度较大,该行业还处于规模报酬递增的阶段,效率大幅提高的主要原因是技术进步率的大幅提高;(3)电子及通信设备制造业效率增长较为缓慢,波动幅度较小,该行业已经处于规模报酬递减阶段,效率的提高来自技术进步率的提高;(4)电子计算机及办公设备制造业效率高速增长,波动幅度较大,该行业处于规模报酬不变的阶段,效率的提高来自技术进步率的大幅提高;(5)医疗设备及仪器仪表制造业效率增长缓慢,波动幅度较小,该行业处于规模报酬不变的阶段,效率的提高来自技术进步率的缓慢提高。

Based on Malmquist total factor productivity index approach, the paper carries out the dynamic efficiency measure of mul- ti-input and multi-output of five sub-sectors of Shanghai high-tech industries by using nine input indexes and five output indexes. The results show that （1） the efficiency of pharmaceutical manufacturing grows slowly, has less fluctuation, and the increase of effi- ciency is caused by the increase of resource allocation efficiency as well as technical progress rate; （2） the efficiency of aerospace manufacturing grows rapidly, has wider fluctuation, is still in the phase of increasing returns to scale, the wider increase of efficiency is mainly brought by the wider increase of technical progress rate; （3） the efficiency of electronic and communication equipment manufacturing grows slowly, has less fluctuation, is still in the phase of decreasing returns to scale, the increase of efficiency is caused by the increase of technical progress rate; （4） the efficiency of computer and office equipment manufacturing grows rapidly, has wider fluctuation, is still in the phase of constant returns to scale, the increase of efficiency is caused by the wider increase of technical progress rate; （5） the efficiency of medical equipment and instrument grows slowly, has less fluctuation, is still in the phase of con- stant returns to scale, the increase of efficiency is caused by the slowly increase of technical progress rate.