基于食品安全指数法评估重庆市蔬菜中农药残留的风险

Risk Estimate of Vegetables Based on Food Safety Indexes Methods in Chongqing

对重庆市的蔬菜生产基地、大型批发市场、农贸市场和超市的7大类蔬菜中的13种农药残留进行抽样监测。结果表明,重庆蔬菜农药残留超标率呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,农药残留平均超标率是豆类>甘蓝类>茄果类>白菜类>绿叶菜类>瓜类>根菜类,市场>基地,外地>本地;除了3月份的氧化乐果对蔬菜安全影响的风险超过了可以接受的限度外,其余月份各种农药残留的安全指数都小于1,对蔬菜安全影响的风险和蔬菜安全状态为可以接受;蔬菜中的甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、甲拌磷、氧化乐果和百菌清残留的R(风险系数)>1.5,处于高、中度风险状态,其余农药皆处于低度风险状态。

Thirteen pesticide residues in eight kinds of vegetables of whole sale marketplaces, retail marketplaces, supermarkets, vegetable bases in Chongqing were detected in each quarter during a whole year. The study showed that the dynamic changes of general pesticide residues ascended earlier, then descended. The excessive rates were as follows： legumes 〉 cabbages 〉 aubergine and fruits 〉 chinese cabbages 〉 green-leaf vegetables 〉 cucurbits 〉 root vegetables, marketplaces 〉 vegetable bases, external places 〉local. Except the risk of omethoate was over acceptable limite in march, the safety index of all pesticides were less than 1 and the safety states were acceptable in other months. The residues risk coefficients of （R） methamidopbos, acephate, phorate, omethoate, chlorothalonil were more than 1.5, which were in high or moderate safety states, and other pesticides were all in low safety states.