水稻高产节水灌溉技术及其生理生态效应

Water-saving and High-yielding Irrigation Techniques of Rice and Their Physiological and Ecological Effects

水稻是中国最大的粮食作物,也是农业上第一用水大户。随着人口的增长、城镇和工业的发展、人民生活水平的提高和全球气候的变化,一方面需要不断增加单位面积产量和产品质量以满足人口增长和人民生活水平日益提高的需求,另一方面需要应对水资源日益短缺的严重问题。因此,研究水稻高产优质节水灌溉技术,对于保障中国粮食安全、提高人们的生活质量和节约水资源,均有十分重要的意义。作者介绍了水稻高产节水灌溉技术,分析了这些技术的生理生态效应,对当前和今后一段时间内水稻节水灌溉的研究提出了建议。

Rice is the foremost staple food crop in China and the largest water consumer in agriculture.With the population growth,urban and industrial development and the decrease in water availability resulting from pollution and resource depletion,the increase in both quantity and quality of rice yield is necessary to meet the needs of the population growth and preferences of consumers towards the high quality,and meanwhile it is necessary to deal with the increasing scarcity of water resources.Therefore,it would have great significance to establish the water-saving techniques for high yield and good quality in promoting rice production and ensuring food security.This paper reviewed water-saving and high-yielding irrigation techniques of rice, analyzed their physiological and ecological effects,and put forward key points on the studies on water-saving irrigation of rice at present and in near future.