中国橡胶林的水土保持效应

Effects of Soil and Water Conservation in China Rubber Plantation

水土保持工程是中国橡胶林"四化"(林网化、梯田化、覆盖化、良种化)建设的主要内容,为植后胶园生态平衡的恢复和改善以及橡胶树的速生高产创造了条件。50多年来,水土保持的作用和意义逐渐得到了人们的认识和重视,水土保持措施得以不断的发展和完善,从过去的单纯以"三保"(保水、保土、保肥)为目的逐渐向复合型、生态型和效益型的转变。实践证明,橡胶林人工生态系统具有良好的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。作者就中国橡胶林的水土流失现状、特点以及水土保持措施等方面的研究进行了综述,并对今后的科研发展方向作了探讨。

Soil and water conservation project is the main content of＂four modernizations＂（based agro-forestry,terracing,coverage,improved varieties） constructions of China rubber plantation,which creates the conditions for the restoration and improvement of the ecological balance of rubber plantation after planting as well as the fast-growing high-yielding of rubber trees.For the past 50 years,the role and significance of soil and water conservation has been a gradual awareness and attention,so that the measures of soil and water conservation have been continuously developed and improved,and the purpose has been gradually changed from the＂three conservations＂（water soil and fertilizer conservation） applied before to complex,ecological and efficiency mode.Practices have proved that rubber plantation as an artificial ecosystem has a good eco-efficiency,economic and social benefits.This paper summarizes the studies on the status,features of soil and water erosion as well as its developed measures for soil and water conservation in China rubber plantation, and the prospects of its development in future was discussed.