犯罪预备行为可罚性界限的司法适用标准探讨

Research on New Standard for Judicial Application of the Boundary of Penalization of Criminal Preparative Act

由于我国刑法总则关于犯罪预备规定所存在的缺憾,再加之学界对于犯罪预备行为可罚性界限的厘定也显得模糊不清,使得犯罪预备的认定在司法实践中成了一个根本难以解决的难题。在维持我国目前关于犯罪预备规定的前提下,为了澄清理论上的混乱与消解实践中的尴尬,犯罪预备行为可罚性界限的司法适用标准必须重新予以厘定。除了学界通说所主张的主客观两个特征之外,犯罪预备的认定应当增设至少以下两个特征:形式上是为法律所禁止;客观上只能对其做为了犯罪的解释而不能做其它解释。

On account of the defects existing in the general provisions of Criminal Law related to criminal preparative act, alongside with the vague standard for judicial application of the boundary of penalization of criminal Preparative act, the identification of penalization of criminal preparative act has been becoming a conundrum in judicial practice. Considering the general provisions of Criminal Law related to criminal preparative act, the standard for judicial application of the boundary of penalization of criminal preparative act shall be re-established so as to dispel the theoretical confusion as well as the embarrassment in judicial practice. Besides the subjective and objective characteristics overwhelmingly advocated by scholars, at least two following characteristics shall be added： it should be forbidden by law in form; no other than explanation for crime can be made.