生产现场数据分析与刀具耐用度模型的建立

Establishment of Tool Life Model by Processing Data Obtained on Production Line

选择适当的刀具材料和合理的加工条件，是双轴数控立式车床实现火车车轮经济高效加工的关键之一，首要问题是建立加工条件下的刀具耐用度模型。本文根据车轮生产现场实际情况，首先提出一种多次端面快速刀具耐用度试验方法，通过适当安排试验因子和利用最小二乘法原理，推导出一系列数据处理公式；然后利用生产现场采集与处理数据，建立了多种涂层硬质合金加工火车车轮的刀具耐用度模型。最后，根据试验建立的刀具耐用度模型，对几种进口的涂层硬质合金刀具和两种国产硬质合金刀具的切削性能进行了比较。试验结果证明该方法具有贴合实际、准确可靠、经济实用、不影响生产等特点，为合理选择刀具和优化加工用量提供了理论依据。

It is one of the key problems for economical and efficient CNC machining of the train wheel to select suitable tool materials and cutting condition. To solve the problem, it is essential to establish the tool life model under production conditions. Based on the production conditions of train wheel, firstly, a fast tool life test method with repeated the face turning is proposed in this paper. According to principle of minimizing sum square of differences, a set of data processing formulas are deduced. Then, the tool life models of machining the train wheel with several grades of coated carbides are established by using the method with data collected on production line. Finally, the cutting performance is compared among those tools based on the models. The results show that this method is practical, accurate, economical and little interfering with production, and that it provides the foundation for the correct selection of tool materials and optimization of cutting conditions.