桦树生物技术研究进展

Research Progress of Biotechnology on Birch

桦树是一种重要的工业用材树种,但其生长周期长,传统的育种方法费时费力,组织培养技术为桦树的无性繁殖提供了一种快速而高效的方法,在此基础上发展起来的基因工程缩短了育种周期而且能定向改良其遗传品质。主要从愈伤组织诱导和器官培养、体胚发生、原生质体培养方面概述了桦树组织培养方面的研究进展,并阐述了在此基础上进行的桦树次生代谢产物合成调控、基因工程等方面的最新研究,分析了目前研究中存在的问题,对今后的研究方向进行了展望。

Birch（Betula）is one of the most important industrial wood species.However,the long growing period and traditional breeding method limited its widely use.Technology of the tissue culture provided an efficient approach for the vegetative propagation of birch.Genetic engineering based on tissue culture shortened the breeding period and can modify genetic quality of the species.The research progress in tissue culture of birch was briefly introduced in this paper,including callus and organ culture,and protoplast culture.This paper also reviewed the recent progress in secondary metabolites biosynthesis and gene transformation basic on birch tissue culture.Moreover,the problems existing in the present birch biotechnological research were discussed and the promising aspects for further research were evaluated in this review.