氯化苦土壤熏蒸防治烟田杂草及土传病害效果研究

Control Effects of Chloropicrin Soil Fumigation on Tobacco Weeds and Soil-borne Diseases

针对烟田大面积轮作难、土传病害防治难等现状,为了探索植烟土壤处理新途径,研究了氯化苦土壤熏蒸防除杂草和烟田土传病害的效果。以99.5%氯化苦原液采用注射法按不同用量处理土壤,结果表明:苗床使用不同用量氯化苦熏蒸对苋菜、马齿苋、莎草均有极显著防效,但对牛筋草无效;接种条件下,烟苗移栽98天后,不同用量处理对黑胫病的的防效为68.00%～84.29%,对根结线虫病的防效为80.66%～92.49%;大田条件下,移栽104天,后不同用量处理对黑胫病的防效为75.16%～88.15%;移栽165天后,对根结线虫病的防效为53.60%～65.70%,并能明显改善烟株生物学性状。因此,氯化苦土壤熏蒸是一种有效解决烟草土传病害的方法。氯化苦熏蒸不能防除牛筋草的结论尚未见报道。

Aiming at the status quo that tobacco fields’rotation is difficult on large-scale and the difficulties in soil-borne diseases control,exploring new ways of tobacco field soil treatment,this paper studied the control effects of chloropicrin soil fumigation on weeds and soil-borne diseases.The authors used 99.5%chloropicrin to fumigate soil in different dosages by injection method,the results show that：Different dosages chloropicrin seedbed fumigation treatments have significant control effects on amaranth,purslane,cyperus,but on indica null and void.Under the vaccinated conditions,after planting 98 days,the control effects on black shank range from 68.00%to 84.29%and the control effects on root-knot range from 80.66%to 92.49%using different dosages chloropicrin soil fumigation.Under field conditions,the control effects on black shank range from 75.16%to 88.15%after planting 104 days and the control effects on root-knot range from 53.60%to 65.70%after planting 165 days using different dosage chloropicrin soil fumigation and the performance of the biological characteristics of tobacco can be significantly improved at the same time.Therefore,chloropicrin soil fumigation is an effective solution to control soil-borne diseases of tobacco.The result that chloropicrin fumigation can not control Eleusine indica（L.）Gaerth has not been reported.