生姜^(60)Coγ辐射诱变育种研究

^(60)Coγ-IRRADIATION INDUCED MUTATION BREEDING OF GINGER

用20、25、30和35Gyγ射线辐照处理莱芜大姜品种不同芽龄的萌动根茎和幼芽根茎,并对VM1、VM2和VM3代的材料进行了系统调查研究。结果表明,辐照处理对莱芜大姜VM1代的抑制效应明显,并随处理剂量的增加而增强,萌动根茎对辐照处理的敏感性显著高于幼芽根茎。莱芜大姜幼芽根茎的LD50和LD60分别为20和25Gy,最适辐照剂量为25Gy,萌动根茎的LD50和LD60在20Gy以下。莱芜大姜经辐照处理后,VM2代变异幅度大,表现出7种表型变异类型。在VM3代中,部分突变株系的变异性状存在退化现象,但有3个突变株系表现出较好的增产效果和较高的稳定性,其根茎鲜重分别比对照增产33.5%、27.5%和24.9%。

Sprout rhizome and plumelet rhizome of Laiwu ginger were irradiated by ^（60）Coγ-rays at different doses（20,25,30 and 35Gy）,and the variations at the VM_1,VM_2,and VM_3 generations were studied.The results showed that the inhibition effect of irradiation on the VM_1 generation was found to be increased as the dose increased,and the sprout rhizome was more sensitive to γ-irradiation than the plumelet rhizome.The LD_（50） and LD_（60） dose of plumelet rhizomes were 20 and 25Gy,respectively,and the optimum irradiation dose was 25Gy.The LD_（50） and LD_（60） dose of sprout rhizomes were below 20Gy.Seven types of mutants were found and selected in VM_2 generation.The induced mutation characters were unstable in the VM_3 generation.Three mutant lines（GDC2531,PZC3026,ZLX2007）selected from VM_3 generation showed high yield,and fresh weight of rhizomes increased 33.5%,27.5% and 24.9%,respectively compared to control.