施肥方式对旱地土壤酶活性和养分含量的影响

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION ON SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITY AND NUTRIENTS

为了明确不同施肥方式下旱地土壤酶活性与养分间的相互关系,以30年（1979-2008）肥料长期定位试验地为基础,研究了不同施肥方式下旱地小麦田耕层（0-20cm）土壤酶活性与养分的变化趋势及其相关性。结果表明,相比单施氮肥和氮磷配施,小麦秸秆与氮磷配施的土壤蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性以及土壤中全氮、全磷和有机质含量提高,但全钾含量降低。相关分析表明：土壤中的蔗糖酶活性与磷酸酶和过氧化物酶的活性,磷酸酶与过氧化物酶活性之间相关显著,相关系数依次为0.6747、0.5878、0.6414（n=9）,其余酶活性之间相关不显著。土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化物酶活性与土壤全氮含量,土壤磷酸酶活性与土壤全磷和有机质含量高度正相关,相关系数分别为0.9969、0.9997、0.9998、0.9863（n=9）;多酚氧化酶活性与土壤中的全磷和有机质含量密切负相关,相关系数分别为0.9945、0.9587（n=9）,而蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性与土壤中的全钾含量相关性较低。

Enzyme activities and nutrient changes and their relevance in arable layer soil（0-20cm）of dryland wheat field was explored at the long-term fertilizer experiment base under different fertilization in 30 years（1979-2008）.The results showed that,compared with the single application of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer,soil invertase,phosphatase,catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity were enhanced as well as the content of soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus and organic matter in the treatment of wheat straw with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer,while the content of total potassium reduced.Activity analysis showed that the correlation of enzyme activities was significant between sucrose and phosphatase,catalase,between phosphatase and catalase,the coefficients separately were 0.6747,0.5878,0.6414（n=9）,but no significance was found between other activities.Positive correlation of nutrients content and enzyme activities were between total nitrogen and sucrose,catalase,between total phosphorus and organic matter,phosphatase,the coefficients separately were 0.9969,0.9997,0.9998,0.9863（n = 9）,negative correlation of nutrients content and enzyme activities were between total phosphorus and organic matter,polyphenol oxidase,the coefficients separately were 0.9945,0.9587（n = 9）,but no correlation was found between total potassium and invertase,phosphatase,peroxidase,polyphenol oxidase.