黑格尔的国家与英雄

Hegel's State and Hero

黑格尔将国家定义为一个伦理理念的现实,同时又将其描述为地上的上帝,在维护了国家的整体性的同时,似乎背上了严重的神化之嫌,这也是黑格尔招致无数批判的重大原因之一,但实际上,这种"神化"色彩远比看上去暗淡。黑格尔在《法哲学原理》和早年《论德国状况》中关于"英雄"的思考对理解黑格尔极尽现实主义的国家理论将大有助益。本文试图通过对两部著作在政治现实主义判断上相通性的考察,证明呼唤政治英雄建立并维护一个现代德国是贯穿黑格尔一生的诉求,从而政治智慧或政治判断力仍是黑格尔政治思想的拱顶石,也是理解黑格尔整个体系的阿里阿德涅线团。

Hegel had defined the state as a realization of an ethical idea,but simultaneously he had also described it as 'God in the world'.While restoring the wholeness of the state,he seems to have had a heavy suspicion on his shoulder that he has severely deified the state,which is a most crucial cause of innumerable critiques against him.But ipso facto,this tint of 'deification' is far less than it seems to be.Hegel's thoughts on 'hero' in 'Philosophy of Right' and early 'On Constitution of Germany' are of great help to understand his 'realistic' theory of state.It's the aim of this paper,by way of an investigation of these two works of their basic connection,to demonstrate that the call of a hero to build a modern state in Germany is Hegel's aspiration of life,and so political wisdom or judgment is still the Ariadne Thread to go through Hegel's whole system.