高产夏玉米土壤养分限制因子研究

Studies on Soil Nutrient Restrictive Factor for High-yielding Summer Maize

在大田条件下研究了9种元素肥料对夏玉米产量、土壤有效养分含量及氮磷钾养分积累量的影响，试验结果表明：高产玉米田各肥料配施增产效果明显，增产幅度为7．0％-19．2％，施用氮肥增产12．4％，施用磷肥增产5．0％，其他元素肥料增产幅度为-1．9％～4．8％。施用氮、磷和钾肥能够显著提高土壤速效养分含量和植株养分积累量，土壤速效氮、磷、钾养分含量分别提高了13．60、6．80和20．40mg／L，植株氮磷钾养分积累量分别增加了19．18％、7．99％和13．68％。氮、磷和钾肥的当季回收率分别为12．28％、4．93％和17．56％。综合产量、土壤有效养分和养分积累等方面，氮是高产玉米的主要限制因子，其次为钾和磷。

Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nine kinds of element fertilizers on summer maize yield, soil nutrient content, N, P and K nutrient accumulation and their efficiency. The results showed that the combined application of different element fertilizers could increase maize yield significantly, and the increase rate was 7.0% - 19.2%, nitrogen fertilizer enabled yield to increase 12.4%, phosphate fertilizer did 5.0%, and the others did - 1.9%-4.8%. Application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium could significantly improve the content of soil available nutrient and nutrient accumulation in plants, the available N, P, K content in the soil increased respectively by 13.60, 6.80 and 20.40 mg/L, and the N, P, K accumulation in maize plants increased by 19.18%, 7.99% and 13.68% respectively. The quarter nutrients recovery rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was 12.28%, 4.93% and 17.56% respectively. Comprehensively considering maize yield, soil available nutrients and nutrient accumulation, nitrogen is the main limiting factor of high - yielding summer maize, followed by potassium and phosphorus.