河北省草地产量动态监测

Dynamic monitoring of grassland production in Hebei

根据河北省2005-2007年草地地面调查,基于110个样地、990个样方的调查数据,对河北省草地产草量进行了监测估算,结果表明,1)2005-2007年河北省鲜草年均产量为62 254 697.81 t,平均单产为13 134.57kg/hm2;干草年均产量为19 438 911.94 t,平均单产为4 101.24 kg/hm2。2)2005-2007年各类草地干草平均单产:暖性灌草丛(5 133.35 kg/hm2)>暖性草丛(4 182.22 kg/hm2)>沼泽草地(3 376.13 kg/hm2)>山地草甸(坝上高原区,3 268.35 kg/hm2)>温性草甸草原(2 665.94 kg/hm2)>山地草甸(山地丘陵区,2 111.55 kg/hm2)>低地草甸(1 872.44 kg/hm2)>温性草原(1 103.29 kg/hm2)。暖性灌草丛草地、暖性草丛草地、山地草甸草地干草产量分别占全省草地产量的56.04%,20.85%和18.13%,是河北省草地产量主体。3)2005-2007河北各地市草地干草单产:沧州7 134.40 kg/hm2>保定6 981.15 kg/hm2>承德4 850.26 kg/hm2>石家庄4 677.78 kg/hm2>邯郸2 802.83 kg/hm2>张家口2 519.58 kg/hm2>邢台2 436.47 kg/hm2>秦皇岛2 227.55 kg/hm2>唐山1 984.14kg/hm2。承德、张家口、保定3地市草地干草产量占全省草地干草产量的84.44%,其他6地市草地干草产量占全省干草产量的15.56%。4)2005-2007年河北省草地干草年均单产与1979-1984年草地年均干草单产相比,干草单产下降36.49%,明显减产,草地干草产量平均每年下降1.46%。山地草甸、温性草原、沼泽草地、低地草甸、温性草甸草原等草地类的草地干草单产降幅属于严重减产,暖性灌丛草、暖性草丛草地类的草地干草单产降幅为明显减产。减产的草地面积占全省草地面积的91.96%,其中,严重减产的草地面积占全省草地面积的31.92%,另有8.04%的草地产量基本持平。

Open-air survey data of 990 quadrats from 110 plots in a Hebei grassland survey from 2005 to 2007 were combined with similar survey data from 1979 to 1984 to compare grassland production and relative changes between 2005--2007 and 1979--1984. 1） Annual total yield of fresh grass from 2005 to 2007 was 62 254 697.81 tons, with an average yield of 13 134.57 kg/hm^2. Total hay ted to 19 438 911.94 tons, with an average yield of 4 101.24 output of the grasslands in Hebei province amoun- kg/hm^· 2） Grassland production （hay output） of warm temperate shrub-grassland reached 5 133.35 kg/hm^2, and was the highest among all the steppe types, followed by warm temperate tussock （4 182. 22 kg/hm^2）, marsh grassland （3 376. 13 kg/hm^2）, mountain meadow （in Bashang plateau district, 3 268. 35 kg/hm^2）, temperate meadow-steppe （1 （2 665. 94 kg/hm^2）, 872.44 kg/hm^2）, and temperate steppe （1 103.29 kg/hm^2）. The three steppes types with the largest hay production were. Warm temperate shrub-grassland, arm temperate tussock, and mountain meadow, with production accounting for 56.04%, 20.85%, 18.13% of Hebei production respectively. 3） The average yield of hay production in Hebei province by administrative districts was.- Cangzhou（7 134.40 kg/hm^2）2〉Baoding （6 981.15 kg/hm%2）2〉Chengde （4 850.26 kg/hm^）〉Shijiazhuang （4 677.78 kg/hm^2）〉Handan （2 802.83 kg/hm^2）〉Zhangjiakou （2 519.58 kg/hm^2）〉Xingtai （2 436.47 kg/hm^2 ） 〉 Qinghuangdao （2 227.55 kg/hm^2 ）〉 Tangshan （1 984.14 kg/hm^2 ）. Total hay output of the grasslands in Chengde, Zhangjiakou and Baoding accounted for 84.44% the hay yield of Hebei, while hay yield of the other six administrative regions accounted for only 15.56%. 4） Compared with that of 1979--1984, the average hay yield of 2005--2007 was 36. 49% less, with an annual decrease of 1.46%. The average hay output of mountain meadow, temperate steppe, marsh grassland, lowland meadow and temperate meadow-steppe was seriously reduced with a reduction of more than 50 %. The relative rate of change of average hay production （R） between 2005--2007 and 1979--1984 of warm temperate shrub-grassland and warm temperate tussock declined range from -5% to -50%, indicating a significant yield reduction grade. The grassland hay area yield reduction accounted for 91.96% of the Hebei grasslands, with 31.92% of the area production seriously reduced with the extent of reduction 2〉 50%, while 8. 04% of the grassland remains unchanged compared to that in 1979--1984.