富金斑岩铜矿床研究进展

Progress of Research on the Characteristics and Genesis of Gold-Rich Porphyry-type Copper Deposits

富金斑岩型铜矿床作为斑岩型矿床的一类,自20世纪70年代起逐渐引起了人们的重视。近年来又取得了很多重要进展,主要体现在以下5个方面:①富金斑岩型铜矿不仅在全世界范围内大量发现,而且部分矿床规模巨大;②绝大多数富金斑岩型矿床集中在新生代和中生代产出,尤以第三纪最为普遍;③富金斑岩型铜矿床不仅仅发育于汇聚板块边缘的岩浆弧环境,在大陆碰撞带甚至是陆内环境也发现了大量此类矿床;④含矿斑岩绝大多数为钙碱性岩浆系列,但部分矿床与高钾钙碱性(甚至钾玄质)岩浆密切相关;⑤富金斑岩型矿床金的富集,与大地构造背景、成矿时代、含矿斑岩性质、围岩性质、蚀变与矿化类型等因素关系不大,而主要受地幔岩浆过程、岩浆-热液过程及热液过程控制。

The gold-rich porphyry copper deposits,one group of porphyry deposits,have aroused much interest among geologists after 1970s. On the basis of previous researches in classification,distribution,geological epochs,regional tectonic settings,intrusive rock compositions,and hydrothermal alteration-mineralization types,a great amount of progresses have been made in recent years,which can be summarized in following five aspects. ① Gold-rich porphyry Cu deposits can be found worldwide and most of them are large scale. ② The most gold-rich porphyry Cu deposits discovered are concentrated in Cenozoic and Mesozoic,commonly Tertiary. ③ Gold-rich porphyry Cu deposits occur commonly in magmatic arc settings at convergent plate boundaries,but a great number of such deposits are found recently in the continental collision belt,even in intracontinental environments. ④ Most of the ore-bearing porphyry are calc-alkaline magmas series,but part of deposits of this kind are closely related to high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonotic magmas. And finally,the enrichment of gold in Cu-rich porphyry-type deposits has little relation with geotectonic setting,metallogenic age,intrusive rock compositions,wallrock composition,hydrothermal alteration-mineralization types,but are controlled by mantle magma process,magma-hydrothermal process and hydrothermal process.