秦俑博物馆陶器库房空气污染的物理化特征及其对彩绘陶器的影响

The Character of Air quality of Portary Storeroom for Pottery Relics of Emperor Qin's Terra-Cotta Museum in Winter and Its Influence to Polychromy Relics

2007年冬季在秦始皇兵马俑博物馆陶器库开展了室内大气污染系列采样工作,持续31天,使用Minivol便携式气溶胶采样仪采集了大气颗粒物样品(PM2.5),利用AreaRAE-IAQ(PGM5220)测定了库内的微气候特征。结果表明,冬季兵马俑陶器库中的PM2.5的平均质量浓度为76.1μg/m^3,明显低于室外,PM2.5中水溶性离子主要由SO_4^(2-)、NO_3^-和NH_4^+组成,与室外相同,表明库内污染物主要受室外控制,而且库内颗粒物偏酸性,库内温差较大,由于颗粒物偏酸性可能会对库内的陶器彩绘颜料中的碳酸钙、碳酸钡及硅酸铜钡等成分产生不利影响,颗粒物的悬浮与沉降也可能会对彩绘产生污损,此外库内剧烈的温度变化也可能会对彩绘陶器的保存带来不利影响。

In winter of 2007, A series of indoor air sample collection were conducted in the storage-room of museum of terra-cotta army of Qin dynasty to investigate air quality. The result shows that the average indoor PM2.5 mass concentration is 76.1μg/m3, outdoor PM2.5 mass concentration is 2.02 times higher than that of indoor, water- soluble ion of PM2.5 in the storage-room in winter is mainly made up of So4^2-, No3^- and NH4^＋. The indoor pollution is mainly influenced by outdoor. And indoor particle show acidulous, temperature and humidity in The storage-room fluctuate in a wide-range. And this maybe bring some influence to the culture relics inside and sujests that we need to make door and window obturated and add dirt shroud to culture relics, go on thermoregulation and moisture adjustment.