阿富汗巴米扬巨佛雕像的色彩装饰(英文)

The polychromy of the Giant Buddha Statues in Bamiyan

2001年3月,被塔利班摧毁的位于巴米扬山谷悬崖上的两座巨佛雕像引起了公众的注意。这一爆破不仅成为塔利班疯狂的象征,而且还带来了一个问题,雕像的残迹将怎么办。2004年,国际古遗址理事会计划着手移动佛壁龛的材料,并从而拯救雕塑的碎片。这些碎片不仅包括或大或小的石块,而且还有粘土层,锚梁,木桩和绳索。调查显示,雕像表面明显是由粘土层组成,部分用钉和布加固,以增加石头和外形布料的强度。最后在表面施以彩绘。对有机添加物进行放射性碳测年可以确定粘土层的起源,从而确定雕像建造时间范围。佛雕像的276颜料残片被带到慕尼黑进行研究。颜料和粘合剂目前正在确定中。本报告说明该雕塑被涂上明亮的色彩并且至少被涂染过两次。这里所涉及的信息是一个正在进行的研究项目的部分,并提供了对现况研究的调查。

The two giant Buddha sculptures cut into the rock cliff of the Bamiyan valley attracted public attention when the Taliban destroyed them in March 2001. In 2004, an ICOMOS project was started to remove the material from the Buddha niches and thereby to rescue fragments of the sculptures. These fragments consist of larger or smaller blocks of stone, pieces of clay layers, anchoring beams, wooden pegs, and ropes. 276 painted fragments from the Buddha sculptures have been brought to Munich for investigation. The pigments and the binders are currently being identified. The examinations show that the sculptures had been painted in bright colours and that they were repainted at least twice. The radiocarbon dating of organic additives made it possible to ascertain the origination of the clay layers and thereby the time span in which the statues were probably made. This article gives a survey on the current state of investigations within an ongoing research project.