馆藏壁画失效支撑体去除技术研究

Study of Techniques for Removal of Incapable Artificial Layer of Wall Painting Fragments

馆藏壁画绝大多数为墓葬揭取的,墓葬壁画作为一种丧葬文化现象在早期绘画史和思想史上都占有非常重要的地位。馆藏壁画的支撑体是壁画从原址揭取下来后,为长期保存壁画、便于移动与展示,而在其背面重新粘接的。起支撑保护作用的支撑体类型有石膏支撑体、环氧树脂+木龙骨支撑体、环氧树脂+铝合金龙骨支撑体等。随着支撑体材料的失效,壁画也遭受不同程度的损伤。因此,失效支撑体的更换是今后馆藏壁画保护不可避免的工作。本文全面系统总结了馆藏壁画失效支撑体的类型及其去除技术及工艺,为今后壁画的保护修复提供了技术支撑。

Most Chinese wall painting fragments kept in museums were detached from tomb siles. As one aspect of funerary culture, wall painting played an important role in studying the history of Chinese painting and ideas In order to store, move and display those wall painting fragments safely, artificial layer was used to support and mount them in stable way. The artificial layer was made of different materials such as gypsum, wool keel with epoxy resin, aluminum alloy keel with epoxy resin, etc. However, the wall painting pieces were influenced gradually when artificial layers were losing function. Therefore, it is avoidable work to replace the incapable artificial layer within museum conservation work. This article summarized specific removing techniques according to different materials and guided the future practical treatment.