“历史向‘世界历史’转变”的过程与环节——兼论“唯物史观”对社会历史解释的主线和界域

On the Process and Step of the Change from History to World History and History

"历史向‘世界历史'的转变"是马克思、恩格斯论证"唯物史观"最重要的论据之一。在《德意志意识形态·费尔巴哈》章"未誊清稿Ⅲ"开头的两个片段中,他们详尽地描述了由城乡分离→行会制度的建立→商人作为一特殊阶层的出现→工场手工业的产生→人口跨国度的迁徙和"流浪"→"商业和工场手工业集中于一个国家的现象"→大工业的发展与垄断等各个环节次第过渡的历史进程。正是对这些细节的描摹和勾勒昭示出"唯物史观"的思维主线、思考重点、擅长领域和诠释界域,更提供了我们透视招致其之后坎坷命运的内在理论根由。因此,不应该把"唯物史观"对历史的解释简单化、极端化。

The change from history to world history is one of important arguments of Marx and Engels＇ Historical Materialism. In the first two fragments of no-fair copy HI of German Ideology .Feuerbach,they described in detail successive stages in the historical process, such as from the disparity between city and country to the establishment of the guild system to merchants＂ emerging as a special class to workshop handicraft＇s emerging to transnational migration of the population and from wandering to commerce and workshop handicraft＇s focusing on a country to the monopoly of large-scale industry. These details showed the theme, emphasis and domain of the Historical Materialism and provided a theoretical perspective studying the history of the Historical Materialism full of frustrations. Therefore, it is improper to cope simplistically and extremely with the interpretation of the Historical Materialism of history.