从“五行”学说到邹衍“五德终始”理论的中间环节

On the Intermediate Links from the Five-element Theory to Zou Yan's Theory of Five Cyclic Virtues

从"五行"学说到"五德终始"理论,之间扮演着重要中间角色的不是战国时期的思孟学派,应该是春秋末年的史墨和大哲学家老子。史墨将五行相胜学说与中国传统开放的王权更迭理论进行嫁接,为邹衍"五德终始"理论提供了重要启示;"五德终始说"之"德"既有对"五行"含义,即物质的本性、天性之含义的继承,又生发出君主后天修养之道德新义,这是吸收了老子《道德经》思想营养之后的结果。

Instead of the Si Meng School during the Warring States Period （403 BC--221 BC）, Shi Mo and Laozi during the end of Spring and Autumn Period （770 BC-476 BC）, a great philosopher, played an importantly intermediate role in transformation from the five-element theory to the theory of five cyclic virtues. Shi Mo grafted the theory of inter-promotion of five elements on to Chinese traditional and open theory of kingship replacement and provided an important inspiration for Zou Yan＇s theory of five cyclic virtues. The virtue of Zou Yan＇s theory both resulted from the five-element theory, a theory about material nature, and put forward the new significance of monarch＇ s self-improvement, which is a result of absorbing Laozi＇ s some thoughts from Tao Te Ching.