助词“了”在山东方言中的对应形式及相关问题

The Corresponding Forms of le(了) in Shandong Dialect and Related Issues

文章考察了助词"了"在山东方言中的对应形式,分为合一型和二分型两种。合一型有"了"、"啦"、"唠"、"喽"四种读音,主要分布在东区,少数在西鲁片;二分型有"唠—啦"等17种类型,主要分布在西区以及相邻的东区方言。"了1"位置上的形式有"唠"、"嘹"、"溜"、"喽"、"哩"等,"了2"位置上以"啦"为主。文章认为,这些形式与普通话的助词"了"同源;助词"了"形成之后,其语音形式在汉语方言中趋于分化,二分型山东方言较合一型山东方言和普通话发展略快。文章还讨论了山东方言中助词"了"的语音变化,指出"了1"位置上的形式多为弱化所致,而"了2"位置上的形式除了弱化,还可能来自"了"与句尾语气词的合音。

This paper classifies the corresponding forms of functional word le in Shandong Dialect into two types： one-form type and two-form type. Most dialects of one-form type belong to East Area Dialects with four kinds of pronunciation le（ 了 ）, la（啦）, lao（唠）, lou（喽）. And two-form type dialects mainly belong to West Area Dialects , with lao, liao（嘹）, liu（溜）, lou, li（嘿） as main forms corresponding to le1 （ 了1 ）, and la to le2 （ 了 2）. The author argues that these forms are from the same verb liao as functional word le in Putonghua. The splitting of le into the two forms was triggered by various function requests. Two-form type dialects evoluted further than those of one-form type in this concern. The paper also discusses the phonetic changes of le in Shandong Dialects in geneneral.