独木龙舟的文化解析--体育人类学的实证研究(二)

Cultural dissection of dragon canoe——Empirical study of sports anthropology (Part 2)

黔东南独木龙舟的田野调查,不仅展示体育人类学的实证研究范例,显现研究各原始运动形态获取第一手真实资料的有效途径,还要运用文化人类学进行具体深入的解释和分析,通过理论建设为倡导生态体育和保护文化遗产提供更完善的思路。研究发现,黔东南苗族独木龙舟是从竞技到体育的萌芽进程中的活化石,至今仍不具有体育性质,应视为一种体现独有民族性格的巫术礼仪性的游戏竞技遗存。在体育视野之外,该竞技游戏仍为文化人类学研究留下若干谜团。黔东南独木龙舟的田野调查,不仅确认了一项传统身体活动的性质,倡导文化遗产保护应包括其生态环境,还印证了体育人类学对体育理论的重要贡献。

The field investigation of dragon canoe in the southeast Guizhou region not only presents an example of empirical study of sports anthropology, shows an effective way to study various primitive sports forms and acquire first-hand factual data, but also carries out in-depth explanation and analysis by applying cultural anthropology, and provides a more perfected clew for advocating ecological sport and protecting cultural heritages by means of theoretical construction. This study reveals that the dragon canoe used by people of Miao nationality in the southeast Guizhou region is a living fossil in the process of germination of competitive sports, not provided with the nature of sport up to this day, should be deemed as a wizard ritual like competitive game relic showing unique national characters. Beyond the vision of sport, this competitive game still left over several riddles for cultural anthropological study. This study not only confirms the nature of a traditional physical activity, advocates that the protection of cultural heritages should include the protection of their ecological environments, but also verifies the important contributions of sport anthropology to sport theories.