不同项目运动员身体成分与机能的关系

Relations between physical components and capacities of athletes of different events

以上海市二线运动员为研究对象,探讨不同项目运动员身体成分与运动机能的关系,以期为今后运动员选材和运动训练提供科学依据。对上海市短跑、自行车、击剑3项目的117名二线运动员(男60名,女57名)进行身体成分、无氧能力和有氧能力测试。结果发现:3项目男女运动员体重、肌肉、蛋白质与无氧能力指标基本都存在中度或高度的相关关系,男女运动员肌肉、蛋白质总量,体重与血乳酸都呈低度相关关系;肌肉、蛋白质、体重与绝对摄氧量都有高度的相关关系,而与相对摄氧量都只存在低度或负相关关系;3项目体脂与无氧能力有关指标和有氧能力相关低且呈负相关趋势。说明各种身体成分与身体机能有密切关系,但由于不同项目特点不一样,因此其相关关系也有明显的差别。

Basing their research subject on second string athletes in Shanghai, the authors probed into the relations between physical components and sports capacities of athletes of different events, hoping to provide a scientific criteflon for athlete selection and sports training in the future. The authors performed physical component and aerobic and anaerobic capacity tests on 117 second string athletes （60 males and 57 females） of such three events as sprint- ing, bicycle racing and fencing, and revealed the following findings： basically there is a medium or high degree correlation between the body weight, muscle, protein and anaerobic capacity index of male and female athletes of the three events; there is a low degree correlation between the athlete＇s total muscle and protein weight, body weight, and blood lactic acid; there is a low degree negative correlation between the body fat and anaerobic capacity related indexes of the athletes of the three events. The said findings indicate that various physical components have a close relation with physical capacities; however, since different events have different characteristics, their correlations are significantly different.