石质山地直播造林对植被和土壤的影响

Influence of direct seeding on vegetation and soil in rocky mountain

直播造林是石质山地植被恢复的重要技术,为了评价该类地区植被恢复效果,运用物种丰富度指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数研究山东省薛城区邹坞镇石质山地直播造林区和撂荒区物种多样性特征和土壤化学性质特征。结果表明:1)直播造林区乔木层苦楝为优势种,重要值最高,灌木层火炬树为优势种;撂荒区灌木层以荆条为优势种;直播造林区和撂荒区无直播树种外的乔木物种分布。2)直播造林区显著增加了乔木层物种多样性指数和均匀度指数,一定程度了增加了灌木层多样性指数和均匀度指数,草本层的多样性指数和均匀度指数均显著低于撂荒区。3)直播造林区土层较厚,有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾和电导率均显著高于撂荒区,pH值没有显著差异。直播造林在石质山地植被恢复中具有明显效果,自然演替恢复效果较差。

Technology of direct seeding plays more important role in vegetation restoration in barren areas.To evaluate its effects,using species diversity indices,including species abundance,Simpson diversity index,Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index,the characteristics of species diversity in forest community afforested by direct seeding and wasteland in rocky mountain in Zouwu Town,Xuecheng County was studied,and soil chemical property of both areas was also measured.The results showed that：1） In forest community,dominance species was Melia azedarach in tree layer and Rhus typhina in shrub layer,while dominance species was Vitex negundo in shrub layer in wasteland.No tree species were found except Melia azedarach,Ailanthus altissima,Platycladus orientalis.2） In forest community,species diversity indices and evenness index of tree layer were significant higher,compared with wasteland,while those indices of shrub layer were significant lower.3） In forest community,the soil nutrients,including organic matter,total N,available P,available K,conductivity,were significant higher than those of wasteland,while no significant difference was found in pH for both regions.It is a useful practical technology for direct seeding in vegetation restoration,while method of natural succession can not be used.